Electric Current and Circuit


Q.1 What do you mean by electric current? Give mathematical representation. What is its unit?
Ans: Electric current is defined as the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time. In other words, it is the rate of flow of charges. 

         If a net charge Q, flows across any cross-section of a conductor in time t, then the current I, through the cross-section is
                                                        I=Q/t  
Its unit is ampere (A).

Q.2 What is electric charge? Write its unit.
Ans: The property, for which particles of matter (e.g. electron and proton) attract the opposite kind of particles or repel the same kind of particles is called electric charge.

its unit is coulomb(C).

Q.3 What is electric conductor?
Ans: The materials that allow electricity to flow through them are called electric conductor.

Q.4 What do you mean by electric circuit?
Ans: A continuous and closed path of an electric current is called electric circuit.

Q.5 Define 1 A current.
Ans: One ampere current is constituted by the flow of one coulomb of charge per second. 
                                                      
                                                          i.e.  1A=1C/1s
Q.6 Define 1 C charge.
Ans:  One coulomb is equal to the amount of charge from a current of one ampere flowing through a particular area for one second. 
                                                          i.e.  1C=1Ax1s

Q.7 Name the electric device used to measure electric current. How is it connected in a circuit?
Ans: An electrical device called ammeter. It is always connected in series in a circuit through which the current is to be measured.

Q.8 Draw a schematic diagram of a typical electrical circuit comprising a cell, an electrical bulb, an ammeter and a plug key.
Ans:
 1.png

Q.9 Fill in the blanks.
a) 1 mA =____A.
b) 1 µA = ____ A.
c) 1 Coulomb charge is equivalent to the charge contained in nearly ________ electrons.  

Ans: 
a) 1 mA = 10-3 A
b) 1 µA = 10-6 A.
c) 1 Coulomb charge is equivalent to the charge contained in nearly 6.241 x 1018 electrons. 

N.B.
Conventionally, In an electric circuit the direction of electric current is taken as the same as the direction of the flow of positive charged particle e.g. proton and opposite to the flow of negative charged particle e.g. electrons.

Answers of the questions given in page no. 200

1. What does an electric circuit mean?
Ans: Same as the ans given in the Q.4
2. Define the unit of current.
Ans: The unit of current is ampere. The rest part is same as the ans given in the Q.6

Q. Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.
Ans we know that one electron possesses a charge of 1.6x10-19 C.

Numbers of electrons = (total charge/charge on 1 electron)
                                        = 1/1.6 x 10-19
                                         = 6.25x1018
So , the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge is 6.25x1018 .

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