Electric Field, Electric Potential and Potential Difference


Q.1 What makes electric charge flow?
Ans: Potential difference makes electric charge flow.

Q.2 What do you mean by electric field?
Ans: The region around a charged body within which its influence can be experienced is known as electric field.

Q.3 Define electric potential.
Ans: Electric potential at any point in electric field is defined as the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from one point to another.

Q.4 What do you mean by potential difference? Give mathematical representation. What is its unit?
Ans: The electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit carrying some current is defined as the work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to the other.

                Potential difference (V) between two points = Work done(W)/Charge(Q)
                V = W/Q

                The SI unit of electric potential difference is volt(V).

Q.5 Define 1 V potential difference.
Ans: One volt potential difference between two points in a current carrying conductor when 1 joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to the other.

Therefore 1 volt = 1 Joule / 1 coulomb
                     1 V= 1 JC-1 

Q.6 Name a device used to measure potential difference.
Ans: The potential difference is measured by means of an instrument called voltmeter.

Answers of the questions given in page no. 202
1. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.
Ans: A battery helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.
N.B. A source of electricity such as cell, battery, power supply, etc. helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.

2.  What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 V?
If 1 J of work is required to move a charge of amount 1 C from one point to another, then it is said that the potential difference between the two points is 1 V.

3. How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6 V battery?
The energy given to each coulomb of charge is equal to the amount of work required to move it. The amount of work is given by the expression,

Potential difference = workdone/charge
Workdone = potential difference x charge

Where,
Charge = 1 C
Potential difference = 6 V
Workdone = 1 x 6 = 6 J
Therefore, 6 J of energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a battery of 6 V.

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